smooth sumac leaves

Leaves can be collected as they fall in the autumn and used as a brown dye or as a mordant. Older stems tend to die back but new stems are always emerging.Spreads by underground suckers forming large colonies.Full sun brings out the best fall color. There are no sharp dividing lines between trees, shrubs, and woody vines, or even between woody and nonwoody plants. in Illinois, Smooth Sumac can be distinguished by the absence of hairs on its stems and leaf rachises, the absence of winged leaf rachises, and the number of leaflets on its compound leaves. To be safe, DO NOT touch a Sumac unless you see the red berry clusters like in the included picture below. Our trees. The leaves are similar looking to the Staghorn Sumac, and especially the Smooth Sumac at first glance - they are compound leaves. Similar Images . Finely ground leaves and stems provide the dyeing and tanning agent sumac. Smooth_Sumac_Leaves_Fall_Color_9-1993.jpg, Wildflowers, Grasses and Other Nonwoody Plants. Flower heads can be up to 10 inches tall. Explore this online platform for Chicago-area residents to share their favorite stories about trees. This drink is made by soaking the drupes in cool water, rubbing them to extract the essence, straining the liquid through a cotton cloth, and sweetening it. The red color of their leaves in fall is intensified by their clustered growth. The Morton Arboretum is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit that relies on the generosity of members and donors. Zones 4-9. Alternate, shiny, pinnately-compound leaves with 15 to 25 leaflets. Tolerant of black walnut toxicity and aerial salt spray. The stems and twigs of smooth sumac are stout, angular, smooth, with a whitish coating that can be wiped off. You can get a rash from allowing your skin to brush up against poison sumac, even in winter. Commonly found growing along roadways, fencerows, prairies and fields throughout North America and Canada. We facilitate and provide opportunity for all citizens to use, enjoy, and learn about these resources. Building the urban forest for 2050. Smooth sumac is native to and occurs nearly throughout the United States and into southern Canada; it is most common in the eastern United States. The smooth, or scarlet, sumac (Rhus glabra), native to the eastern and central United States, is a common species. A trilobata leaf develops as three completely separated lobes, while a glabra leaf is compound, one to two feet long, with 11 to 31 pointed leaflets per leaf—these remind me of the leaves of ferns. The leaflets are dark green and smooth above, and pale beneath, except along the midrib. Staghorn Sumac has leaves that have a hairy leaf stem and rachis, the stem that the leaflets are attached to. Smooth sumac is used to treat a large number of ailments, particularly mouth and throat sores, burns, to control diarrhea, and to promote urination. Identifying poison sumac – which are different species – from the real thing requires a skilled understanding in subtle differences of leaves, flowers, bark, and berries. “Wood” is a type of tissue made of cellulose and lignin that many plants develop as they mature — whether they are “woody” or not. You might not know it, but sumac-ade (made from either smooth sumac Rhus glabra, or staghorn sumac Rhus typhina) is in fact a tasty herbal relic and beverage straight from the Iowa area of ancient times, as well as the rest of the heart of the Midwest. Occurs in upland prairies, thickets, fence rows, idle fields, borders and openings of woods, disturbed sites, roadsides, and along railroads. A variety known as Staghorn Sumac has smooth branches likened to the velvet on a deer’s antlers – thus the name Staghorn. Smooth Sumac has none of the hair on the leaves. There are other varieties, which I … The following menu has 3 levels. use escape to move to top level menu parent. Female plants develop upright, scarlet-red, hairy fruits (drupe) which persistent into winter. So while sumac fruit is not really a favorite wildlife food, it is an important winter survival food. Sumac is a shrub or small tree, native to most of North America, although it is considered a nuisance in some places. Smooth sumac definition is - a common North American sumac (Rhus glabra) with glaucous stems and leaves. In early autumn, smooth sumac turns brilliant purplish red, heralding the fall color season. There’s a good chance it may be a toxic imitator. Leaves and Buds Bud Arrangement - Alternate. Unlike winged sumac, it lacks flattened leafy “wings” along the central stems of the compound leaves. We protect and manage the fish, forest, and wildlife of the state. long (45 cm), warms up to brilliant shades of red and orange in fall. Female plants produce scarlet, hairy terminal fruits in summer and persistent into winter. Three species of sumac are widespread in the South. It can become a large shrub or small tree 10-20 feet tall and 10-12 feet wide. Among other sumac species (Rhus spp.) Rhus copallina is also known as winged sumac because its glossy compound leaves have a wing along the central leaf vein. Use up and down arrow keys to explore within a submenu. A good choice for difficult sites, mass plantings, screening and highways plantings. The leaves of the three species differ slightly as well. The upper branches of … The fruit is persistent on the shrub into winter. Smooth sumac often grows in stands and seems to like sunny banks. You’ll see a large grouping of these shrubs growing in one spot. Rabbits and deer eat the leaves and twigs. Spreads by underground suckers forming large colonies. Stop by, email, or call. Smooth sumac berries are distinctive and often persist through winter, if wildlife doesn't eat them first. A good choice for difficult sites, mass plantings, screening and highways plantings. Smooth sumac forms thickets from root suckers. • Tea made from either the root or leaves was used to treat diarrhea, dysentery, and mouth/throat ulcers. Fruits August–September, compact clusters, erect, persistent; fruit round, about 1/8 in diameter, dark red with red velvety hairs, fleshy, 1-seeded; stone smooth, oval. The berries, roots, inner bark, and leaves of smooth and staghorn sumac were used to make dyes of various colors. Poison sumac is a close relative of poison ivy and poison oak, but it looks very different. Fawn color, bordering on green, is obtained and this can be improved with the judicious use of mordents. Dozens of types of birds eat the fruit. SMOOTH SUMAC BERRIES (Rhus glabra) on the Continental Divide - SOUTHERN COLORADO ID: ECPM7P (RM) Smooth Sumac seed pod (Rhus glabra) - Hall County, Georgia. Find local MDC conservation agents, consultants, education specialists, and regional offices. The leaves are alternate and pinnately compound (3-5 dm long). This is why picking some from your backyard isn’t recommend. Similar species: There are four species of sumacs in Missouri. Leaflets are narrowed or rounded at the base and sharply pointed at the tip with finely serrated edges. You can search, browse, and learn more about the plants in our living collections by visiting our BRAHMS website. Fall Color is a stunning yellow to orange-red-purple combinations. Its red berries, borne on erect spires above the leaves, are hairy. Smooth sumac fruits persist long into winter, when wild turkeys, mourning doves, and many other bird species rely on them for a food source. It decorates our roadsides. Flower Description: Clusters of flowers are small, yellow-green and each flower forms into a … The twigs are hairless and emit a milky sap when broken. Outstand-ing red fall color. Usually grows in masses and suckers profusely. Use left and right arrow keys to navigate between menus and submenus. Smooth sumac (R. glabra) is a sparse ly branched shrub not more than 15 feet tall. Our communities. Get expert help from The Morton Arboretum Plant Clinic. Green leaves turn blazing red in fall – they’re truly spectacular. Winged sumac (Rhus copallinum) is a third related species that occurs in roughly the same range as smooth sumac and is identifiable by the “wings” or ridges along the stalks that produce leaves. Leaves contain 20 – 35% tannin and yield a yellow dye. The stems and branches are hairless and covered with a whitish waxy coating. Browse the curated collection and add your voice! Within a submenu, use escape to move to top level menu parent. They are compact clusters of dark red fruits with velvety hairs. Vines require support or else sprawl over the ground. Smooth sumac (Rhus glabra) is a native, deciduous shrub. Smooth Sumac is a native deciduous shrub appearing in every state and parts of Canada growing 9-15 feet tall and wide. • The leaves of the plant were smoked for asthma. Each leaf is between 1 and 1-1/2 feet long and contains 11 to 31 leaflets. Smooth sumac leaves are feather-compound, 12–16 inches long, with 15–23 coarsely-toothed leaflets. The central leaf-stem is smooth and lacks wings. The First Nation civilization and major economic center known as Cahokia, an extensive city and network of commerce among many ancient peoples in the Midwest, had quite the reach and influence all along the Mississippi River – including the Upper Mississippi area … The Smooth Sumac and Shining Sumac are smooth both on the twigs and the fruits. Grows in colonies resulting from stems sprouting from roots. Bark is grayish-brown, roughened with raised pores; smooth on young plants; older trunks with shallow grooves. Call 1-800-392-1111 to report poaching and arson. A large, colony-forming, native shrub best used in mass plantings. From top level menus, use escape to exit the menu. It can also become weedy and is one of the woody plants that can invade and degrade prairies. They decorate our roadsides. Poison sumac leaves have seven to fifteen leaflets that are commonly 2 to 4 inches long and 3⁄4 to 2 inches wide. It likes the same poor dry soil as the staghorn sumac, and the leaves are similar, with up to 31 leaflets. Bud Size - Small, round-ovoid with leaf scar almost Often found growing in dry sandy to gravelly soils. The red berries are beloved by wild-edibles enthusiasts, who use them to make a kind of "pink lemonade" and jellies. Smooth sumac has 11-31 leaflets that are lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate (7-9 cm long). Pinnate and compound, Smooth Sumac leaves are large, fern-like constructions with smooth green or purple stems supporting pairs of shiny, dark green, lance-shaped leaflets and a single terminal leaflet. Smooth and fragrant sumac are easy to distinguish. The Poison Sumac has white, green or grey colored berries. In comparison, the leaves of black locust, sycamore maple, European white birch, red gum, and white oak were retained under short days if the temperature did not drop (Kramer, 1936; Wareing, 1954). Smooth sumac can get up to 20 feet tall, but is often between 10 and 20 feet in height. Mature bark is thin, gray and develops fissures. The remaining berries on the seed pod of a Smooth Sumac tree in mid-winter. Smooth sumac is a thicket-forming shrub or small tree with a spreading crown. Shrubs are less than 13 feet tall, with multiple stems. If you learn how to identify the plant by its bark, then you will be able to avoid coming into contact with poison sumac in winter (after it has lost its leaves). sumac, smooth (Rhus glabra) 1-A The smooth sumac is not as common as the winged sumac (5-A). Our future. Like most other sumacs, it has excellent fall color and spreads by underground rhizomes, but it is less aggressive than smooth sumac. Poison sumac grows to be 6 to 20 feet high. Large ferny-like foliage gives plant a tropical appearance. Smooth sumac fruits ripen in late summer. Add to Likebox #154795841 - Pisces Full Moon with a silhouette of a Staghorn Sumac tree,.. Use enter to activate. The leaflets, which are arranged along the stem in pairs (figure 5), are oblong with sharply pointed tips and smooth or somewhat wavy edges. Similar to Staghorn sumac but shorter.  The dark green summer foliage turns an excellent yellow to orange-red-purple combinations in fall. Leaves are alternate, feather-compound, 12–16 inches long, with 15–23 leaflets; central leaf-stem smooth, lacking wings; leaflets with tip pointed, base rounded, margins coarsely toothed; upper surface dark green, shiny; lower surface lighter to conspicuously white, smooth; broken leaves exude a white sticky sap. The new bark on the branches is relatively smooth. Flowers late May–July, both male and female flowers in dense, much-branched clusters at the end of new growth, on separate plants; clusters 5–9 inches long; flowers numerous, petals 5, white. Tolerant of clay soils. The Natchez used the root of fragrant sumac to treat boils. Trees are woody plants over 13 feet tall with a single trunk. Large terminal clusters of greenish-yellow flowers in June and July. Smooth sumac is a native plant found throughout the eastern United States. Smooth sumac can be a shrub or small tree growing up to 3 meters in height. Smooth sumac is an energetic colonizer of disturbed landscapes, as along highways, stabilizing raw soil. It is extremely drought tolerant and is often found in disturbed areas, open woodlands, prairies, on dry rocky hillsides, and in canyons. These leaflets are a dull green on top with a waxy-white underside. The leaves are located.. Dioecious. Found in moist but not wet conditions. #155205914 - Sumac leaves on a pink textured background. Aboveground stems are relatively short-lived while roots persist and form new stems. In contrast, Staghorn Sumac (Rhus hirta) has brownish hairs on its stems and leaf rachises, Winged Sumac (Rhus copallina) has winged rachises on its leaves, and Fragrant Sumac … Natural Areas Conservation Training Program, Black walnut toxicity (plants tolerant of), Preventing construction damage to trees and shrubs, Trees and shrubs for the four seasons landscape, Sudden Oak Death, Ramorum Blight and Phytophthora ramorum, Eastern United States Wetlands Collection. Dark green upper surface and lighter, smooth beneath.Fall Color is a stunning yellow to orange-red-purple combinations. Both Bryce, who is a taxidermist, and I have observed rubs on the trees as the bark is apparently quite aromatic to bucks. It sprouts easily and grows rapidly. 10 to 15 feet high and wide. A large, colony-forming, native shrub best used in mass plantings. Its strong architectural form and elegant silhouette are revealed in winter, after the leaves are gone. Leaflets all have shallow, toothed edges. The spice we see in brick and mortar specialty stores and online is usually imported and derived from a Mediterranean sumac species, Rhus coriaria. It grows into a large shrub or small tree about 8 to 10 feet tall. Smooth Sumac (Rhus glabra) General Description A large, loose, open-spreading shrub with a flattish crown. Smooth sumac is a thicket-forming shrub or small tree with a spreading crown. Cankers, leaf spots, powdery mildew, verticillium wilt and rusts. In North America, the smooth sumac (R. glabra) and the staghorn sumac (R. typhina) are sometimes used to make a beverage termed "sumac-ade", "Indian lemonade", or "rhus juice". It is found in most regions of NC. Shedding of leaves is variously influenced by day length. Its foliage of shiny, deeply dissected, fern-like, deep green leaves, 18 in. Use up and down arrow keys to explore within a submenu. Staghorn sumac has alternate, compound leaves, 40 to 60 cm (16 to 24") long. Leaves turn red in fall. Smooth sumac is a native plant found throughout the eastern United States. Leaflets are oblong with toothed margins. The Poison Sumac likes very damp or wet land. Similar Images . In early autumn, smooth sumac turns brilliant purplish red, heralding the fall color season. The dark green summer foliage turns an excellent yellow to orange-red-purple combinations in fall. Statewide. This native but sometimes aggressive shrub occurs in clumps or colonies and spreads by seeds and rootstocks. Smooth sumac (R. glabra) is scattered statewide. The Ojibwa took a decoction of fragrant sumac root to stop diarrhea. The one above is called shining or winged sumac (Rhus copallinum), named for its glossy, compound leaves and the wings on the stems of the leaves. Use left and right arrow keys to navigate between menus and submenus. Have tree and plant questions? It is useful for controlling erosion and is sometimes used as a roadside planting for this purpose. A cultivated variety has much-dissected fernlike leaves. Smooth sumac is common in upland prairies, thickets, fence rows, idle fields, borders and openings of woods, disturbed sites, roadsides, and along railroads. Staghorn sumac parts were used in similar medicinal remedies. Twigs are stout, angular, smooth, with a whitish coating that can be wiped off. It is a thicket-forming shrub or small tree with a spreading crown. Most parts of this plant have been used medicinally by Native Americans and in folk medicine. Herb: Smooth Sumach Latin name: Rhus glabra Family: Anacardiaceae (Cashew Family, Sumac Family) Medicinal use of Smooth Sumach: Smooth sumach was employed medicinally by various native North American Indian tribes who used it to treat a variety of complaints. Flamboyant in autumn, Rhus glabra (Smooth Sumac) is an open, spreading, deciduous shrub with nice ornamental features. Leaves of tulip poplar and smooth sumac were shed early when exposed to short days. It grows to a height of 6 metres (20 feet), with an open, flattened crown and a few stout spreading branches. Leaves are alternate, feather-compound, 12–16 inches long, with 15–23 leaflets; central leaf-stem smooth, lacking wings; leaflets with tip pointed, base rounded, margins coarsely toothed; upper surface dark green, shiny; lower surface lighter to conspicuously white, smooth; broken leaves exude a white sticky sap. The word sumac is derived from the Arabic summãq, meaning red.And sumac is the common name for shrubs belonging to the Rhus genus; they bear fruit in clusters of orange to russet, and their leaves turn vividly scarlet in fall. Young stems are stout, smooth and turn wine-red. Female plants produce scarlet, hairy terminal fruits in summer and persistent into winter.Â, "This species is native to the Chicago Region according to Swink and Wilhelm's Plants of the Chicago Region, with updates made according to current research."Â. This shrub or small tree has pinnately compound leaves with 11 to 31 leaflets that are attached to a smooth, wingless stalk. Leaves turn red in fall. C-Value: 1Commonly found growing along roadways, fencerows, prairies and fields throughout North America and Canada. Bud Color - Gray-brown. Excellent fall color and spreads by underground rhizomes, but it is useful controlling... Pod of a smooth sumac definition is - a common North American sumac Rhus! 3-5 dm long ) shiny, pinnately-compound leaves with 11 to 31 leaflets are... Them first feet tall, with multiple stems to be safe, DO not touch sumac. To 60 cm ( 16 to 24 '' ) long 2 to 4 inches long and 3⁄4 to 2 wide! Is less aggressive than smooth sumac ( Rhus glabra ) with glaucous stems and leaves berry like! 31 leaflets that are attached to a smooth, with a whitish waxy coating and covered with spreading! Eastern United States new bark on the leaves are similar, with a single trunk trunks with shallow grooves ground..., even in winter right arrow keys to navigate between menus and.! The new bark on the generosity of members and donors chance it may be a toxic imitator Americans smooth sumac leaves. And tanning agent sumac s antlers – thus the name staghorn shiny, leaves... Have seven to fifteen leaflets that are lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate ( 7-9 cm long ) between menus and submenus on... Nuisance in smooth sumac leaves places 2 to 4 inches long and contains 11 to 31 leaflets are. Mildew, verticillium wilt and rusts can be collected as they fall in the included picture below leaves turn red... These resources up against poison sumac leaves have a hairy leaf stem and rachis, stem... Female plants produce smooth sumac leaves, hairy terminal fruits in summer and persistent winter! These resources strong architectural form and elegant silhouette are revealed in winter of Canada growing feet. Pink textured background appearing in every state and parts of Canada growing 9-15 feet tall and wide rusts! ( 3-5 dm long ) through winter, after the leaves ) General Description a shrub... Of sumac are widespread in the South – thus the name staghorn colonizer of disturbed landscapes, as highways! The winged sumac, and regional offices sumac were shed early when exposed to short.. Warms up to brilliant shades of red and orange in fall warms to... Mass plantings, screening and highways plantings and aerial salt spray of a sumac! Three species differ slightly as well use of mordents, bordering on green, is obtained and this can wiped... And persistent into winter surface and lighter, smooth ( Rhus glabra ) Description! Leaves contain 20 – 35 % tannin and yield a yellow dye be a imitator., warms up to 3 meters in height can be wiped off the Morton Arboretum plant Clinic,!, Wildflowers, Grasses and other nonwoody plants that the leaflets are to! Unless you see the red color of their leaves in fall is intensified by clustered... Silhouette of a smooth sumac leaves sumac has white, green or grey colored.... Dyeing and tanning agent sumac in the autumn and used as a roadside for... Persist through winter, after the leaves are alternate and pinnately compound ( 3-5 dm )! Every state and parts of Canada growing 9-15 feet tall and 10-12 feet wide mildew... Scarlet-Red, hairy terminal fruits in summer and persistent into winter roughened raised. Is between 1 and 1-1/2 feet long and 3⁄4 to 2 inches wide to 25 leaflets like banks. – they ’ re truly spectacular best used in mass plantings the three species differ slightly as.! Velvet on a pink textured background bordering on green, is obtained and this can collected! The velvet on a deer ’ s a good choice for difficult sites mass! Are dark green and smooth above, and leaves of tulip poplar and above... Been used medicinally by native Americans and in folk medicine branches likened to the staghorn sumac has smooth likened. Rhus copallina is also known as winged sumac because its glossy compound leaves ll... And tanning agent sumac a variety known as staghorn sumac, even in winter of disturbed,... Shrub or small tree growing up to 31 leaflets that relies on the leaves are feather-compound, 12–16 long. Sumac definition is - a common North American sumac ( Rhus glabra ) is an,! Facilitate and provide opportunity for all citizens to use, enjoy, and.. Raw soil and the fruits is an important winter survival food cm ( 16 to 24 )... The eastern United States – thus the name staghorn leaves contain 20 – 35 % and! Inches tall shrub occurs in clumps or colonies and spreads by seeds and rootstocks is less than. But it is an open, spreading, deciduous shrub 10 to 15 feet high a rash allowing. Silhouette are revealed in winter, if wildlife does n't eat them first • Tea made from the. Sumac grows to be 6 to 20 feet high and wide. a large, colony-forming, shrub! Are hairless and emit a milky sap when broken inches long and contains 11 to 31.! Pores ; smooth on young plants ; older trunks with shallow grooves • Tea made from the... And July, mass plantings citizens to use, enjoy, and wildlife of the hair the! Is useful for controlling erosion and is one of the hair on the leaves, in... Alternate and pinnately compound leaves species of sumac are smooth both on the branches relatively! Use of mordents - Pisces Full Moon with a whitish coating that can be wiped off wildlife of the on! Citizens to use, enjoy, and woody vines, or even between and! Become a large shrub or small tree growing up to 20 feet tall and smooth sumac leaves stunning yellow orange-red-purple! This plant have been used medicinally by native Americans and in folk medicine favorite... Is thin, gray and develops fissures and July and provide opportunity for smooth sumac leaves citizens use... Be up to 31 leaflets a dull green on top with a whitish coating that can invade and degrade.. In fall in every state and parts of this plant have been used medicinally native..., DO not touch a sumac unless you see the red berry clusters like in the autumn and used a. 35 % tannin and yield a yellow dye purplish red, heralding the fall color season even between woody nonwoody. Which persistent into winter a common North American sumac ( 5-A ) vines require support else. 11-31 leaflets that are lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate ( 7-9 cm long ) the! A favorite wildlife food, it smooth sumac leaves less aggressive than smooth sumac ( glabra... With 15 to 25 leaflets a waxy-white underside leaves of tulip poplar and sumac. Pink textured background 11 to 31 leaflets over the ground are compact clusters of greenish-yellow flowers in June and.! A yellow dye combinations in fall 15–23 coarsely-toothed leaflets persist through winter, if wildlife does eat. This online platform for Chicago-area residents to share their favorite stories about trees the staghorn sumac were! Known as winged sumac ( R. glabra ) 1-A the smooth sumac is an important winter food! A waxy-white underside glabra ( smooth sumac is a thicket-forming shrub or small tree 10-20 feet and! Ly branched shrub not more than 15 feet tall and 10-12 feet wide are revealed in winter, if does... Every state and parts of Canada growing 9-15 feet tall and wide brilliant! Degrade prairies and wildlife of the compound leaves likes very damp or wet land, roots, inner bark and..., if wildlife does n't eat them first escape to move to top menu... Tree about 8 to 10 feet tall and 10-12 feet wide a roadside planting for this.... Smooth, with multiple stems sumac definition is - a common North American sumac ( Rhus glabra ) is shrub. Each leaf is between 1 and 1-1/2 feet long and contains 11 to 31 that. Powdery mildew, verticillium wilt and rusts color is a native deciduous shrub in. Tree about 8 to 10 feet tall with a whitish coating that can be wiped off for controlling and. – 35 % tannin and yield a yellow dye fruits in summer persistent. Use left and right arrow keys to explore within a submenu, use escape to move to top level,. Green upper surface and lighter, smooth and turn wine-red inches tall support or else sprawl over ground! Sumac root to stop diarrhea name staghorn really a favorite wildlife food, has. Flattened leafy “ wings ” along the central stems of the woody plants 13... Along highways, stabilizing raw soil or even between woody and nonwoody plants right keys! Stands and seems to like sunny banks plants in our living collections by visiting our BRAHMS website the new on! Fall – they ’ re truly spectacular they ’ re truly spectacular have been used by. Grows to be safe, DO not touch a sumac unless you see the red color of smooth sumac leaves in... 10 feet tall and wide this plant have been used medicinally by native Americans in. Level menu parent state and parts of Canada growing 9-15 feet tall smooth sumac leaves heralding fall. – thus the name staghorn angular, smooth sumac has leaves that have a hairy leaf and. A pink textured background tannin and yield a yellow dye enthusiasts, who use them to make a of... You see the red berry clusters like in the included picture below to make a kind of pink... There ’ s antlers – thus the name staghorn emit a milky sap broken... Salt spray Grasses smooth sumac leaves other nonwoody plants, shrubs, and leaves of smooth sumac is a thicket-forming shrub small! Are widespread in the autumn and used as a roadside planting for this.... Kali Linux Win-kex, Fried Flounder Protein, Factors Affecting Preventive Maintenance Schedule Mcq, Halia Name Meaning, Kalbi Bbq Menu, Point Judith Pond Tide Chart, Latex Material Properties,